![]() List of abbreviations used in this article ![]() Ī comprehensive peace agreement was signed on 31 August 2020 between the Sudanese authorities and several rebel factions to end armed hostilities. The August 2019 Draft Constitutional Declaration, signed by military and civilian representatives during the Sudanese Revolution, requires that a peace process leading to a peace agreement be made in Darfur and other regions of armed conflict in Sudan within the first six months of the 39-month transition period to democratic civilian government. The JEM, the largest rebel group in Darfur, vowed to boycott negotiations. However, talks were disrupted by accusations that the Sudanese army launched raids and air strikes against a village, violating the Tolu agreement. The JEM has the most to gain from the talks and could see semi-autonomy much like South Sudan. ![]() The Sudanese government and the JEM signed a ceasefire agreement in February 2010, with a tentative agreement to pursue peace. Secretary of State Colin Powell described the situation as a genocide or acts of genocide. Mass displacements and coercive migrations forced millions into refugee camps or across the border, creating a humanitarian crisis. ![]() Estimates of the number of human casualties range up to several hundred thousand dead, from either combat or starvation and disease. Although the Sudanese government publicly denies that it supported the Janjaweed, evidence supports claims that it provided financial assistance and weapons and coordinated joint attacks, many against civilians. The African Union and the United Nations also have a joint peacekeeping mission in the region, named UNAMID. The other side is made up of rebel groups, notably the SLM/A and the JEM, recruited primarily from the non-Arab Muslim Fur, Zaghawa, and Masalit ethnic groups. One side of the conflict is mainly composed of the Sudanese military, police, and the Janjaweed, a Sudanese militia group whose members are mostly recruited among Arabized indigenous Africans and a small number of Bedouin of the northern Rizeigat the majority of other Arab groups in Darfur remained uninvolved. This resulted in the death of hundreds of thousands of civilians and the indictment of Sudan's president, Omar al-Bashir, for genocide, war crimes, and crimes against humanity by the International Criminal Court. The government responded to attacks by carrying out a campaign of ethnic cleansing against Darfur's non-Arabs. The War in Darfur, also nicknamed the Land Cruiser War, was a major armed conflict in the Darfur region of Sudan that began in February 2003 when the Sudan Liberation Movement (SLM) and the Justice and Equality Movement (JEM) rebel groups began fighting against the government of Sudan, which they accused of oppressing Darfur's non- Arab population.
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